Hepatitis A: Action protocol - post-exposure prophylaxis for healthcare workers at a Portuguese Hospital
Synopsis
In Portugal, following the hepatitis A outbreak in 2017, an unexpected increase in cases was observed from 2024, persisting into 2025. During this period, person-to-person transmission became predominant, highlighting the need for preventive strategies and vaccination targeting healthcare
professionals (HCPs) in hospital settings. Objectives: This protocol aims to review the clinical aspects that characterize the hepatitis A virus (HAV) and establish standardized procedures, based on scientific
evidence, for the management of healthcare workers exposed to the hepatitis A virus, with a focus on their occupational protection and the prevention of intra-hospital transmission. Methodology: The protocol was developed based on a narrative review of the current literature, including national and international guidelines and scientific articles indexed in PubMed. Results: Hepatitis A is a viral infection transmitted via the fecal-oral route, with an average incubation period of 28 days. It is generally a self-limiting disease, and prevention is based on vaccination and the management of exposed professionals by Occupational Health Services (OHS). Conclusions: The recent outbreaks in Portugal, with distinct profiles, reinforce the need for urgent and standardized measures by the OHS. The implementation of this protocol contributes to greater protection of HCWs and a more effective response to future outbreaks in a hospital setting.
