Food in the occupational environment and its benefits in worker’s health

Introduction: The food universe is very broad and has a lot to do with the culture of each region. However, the macronutrients' constitution: proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids can be adjusted in any diet, thus allowing food to be a way to promote health and quality of life and to lower the risk of work accidents by improving sleep quality. Objective: To amplify and update a non-labor diet application, aiming to indicate, among the existing diets, the one that allows greater work capacity, better performance and more health through the metabolic control. Methodology: The PRISMA methodology was applied in the bibliographic review. Scientific articles, indexed in international journals were searched in the following databases: Medline (searched via PMC – PUBMED Central) and Scopus and through JISSN. Using the keywords diets, "position stand", timing, nutrients, work performance, sleep, consensus and protein, combined three by three, as well as their respective variations. Results and discussion: 247 articles were found. After applying the eligibility criteria, only articles published in the last 5 years in journals, cross-sectional studies (in humans) with consent, and published in English were accepted. Duplicate articles were removed. Articles which were not related to the theme were excluded after reading the title and abstract, excluding 206 papers. In this study were included 41 papers. Out of the 41, 13 articles were added by cross-reference. In the MEDLINE search, the [SECT] filters - referring to the research section and [TW] were inserted for words present in the articles when searching composite words. Initially, the compositions of the several diets were addressed: Hypocaloric - LED and VLED, Low Fat - LFD, Low Carbohydrate - LCD, Ketogenic – KD, and Hypercaloric – HPD. Their main strengths and their main characteristics were fully addressed. Conclusion: It was concluded that the HPD, from all the diets, was the one that had the greatest practical relevance in work environment, once its results in the maintenance of a lean body mass, through its high ingestion frequency. The improvement of the health markers and the nocturnal vigil period reduction, reveal the effectiveness in improving working performance.